內(nèi)容 Contents

　　Yunnan Pine Forest dominates the biggest area in the Lashihai region and usually occurs on the south faced slope bellow 3000m. R. racemosum and R. decorum are two species very common in it. They are also popular in SW China and abundant in quantity. People in the Lashihai region cut R. decorum as firewood, therefore there is not so many its plants in the pine forests near the villages. But the R. racemosum is very common as is not used by people.

　　寒溫山地硬葉常綠櫟類林在拉市海流域面積僅次于云南松林，多出現(xiàn)于海拔3000米以上東向山坡。有7種杜鵑生長于這種硬葉櫟類林下亞層。在硬葉櫟類林下，紅棕杜鵑、露珠杜鵑和云南杜鵑較為普遍和常見，其它種則較少見，如紫玉盤杜鵑、亮葉杜鵑、卵葉杜鵑和假乳黃杜鵑等種，特別是卵葉杜鵑，極稀少，容易受到毀壞。假乳黃杜鵑屬國家三級(jí)保護(hù)植物，此次調(diào)查僅有少量見于文海西邊高山櫟林與長苞冷杉林混合的邊緣。這種寒溫山地硬葉常綠櫟類林雖然在流域內(nèi)分布面積較廣，但是也容易為當(dāng)?shù)厝死�用。因�(yàn)楦呱綑凳亲詈玫男教吭�料，文海周圍的村民就利用高山櫟燒炭，在他們的觀念中，高山櫟砍倒后，樹樁上還能長出幼枝，過上幾年，又可以恢復(fù)成林。這是事實(shí)，但是對(duì)于原來生長在其林下的其它物種，特別是杜鵑花屬種類，可能由于生境改變，如生境旱化，就會(huì)被淘汰出局。

　　Cold-Temperate Mountain Hard-leaf Evergreen Oak Forest is less than the Pine Forest, which usually occurs on east-faced slope above 3000m. There are 7 species of Rhododendron occurs in the sub-stratum of this kind of forest. R. rubiginosum, R. irroratum and R. yunnanense are more common species under the forest, but R. uvardianum, R. venicosum, R. callimophum and R. fictolacteatum are rare to see, esp. R. fictolacteatum very rare and very easy to be destroyed because the local people cut the oak tree and char them. Local people think that logging has less influences on the forest because the stumps will geminate again and for some years the forest will be back. It is true. But after the logging, the original habitats are inkling to dry, which result in the Rhododendron species could not survive.

　　溫涼性針闊葉混交林（溝谷及背陰山坡）在拉市海流域分布面積較少，此次調(diào)查路線上見于洋芋場和文海至雪花途中的北向及東北向坡面。其中生長有團(tuán)花杜鵑、紅棕杜鵑等種。該地帶人為活動(dòng)頻繁，對(duì)植被影響較大。

　　Temperate Needle and Broad Leaf Mixed Forest (valley or shaded slopes) occupies less area in the Lashihai region. It is found on the way to Yangyuchang and from Wenhai to Xuehua on the north faced and east faced slope. Among the forest R. anthosphaerum and R. rubiginosum is growing. There is a heavy impact on the forest due to human’s activities.

　　由于受人為活動(dòng)影響，完整的麗江云杉林在拉市海流域內(nèi)已經(jīng)少見。除了洋芋場村寨后北向坡面有麗江云杉林與樺木混生的針闊葉混交林，此次調(diào)查路線上其它地方未見。其林下有團(tuán)花杜鵑、紅棕杜鵑等種。

　　The typical Lijiang Spruce Forest is hardly to see in the Lashihai region because of the human’s impact on it. We only found the Lijiang Spruce and Birch Mixed Forest on the north faced slope behind of the Yangyuchang. R. anthosphaerum and R. rubiginosum are growing in it.

　　長苞冷杉林在拉市海流域內(nèi)分布面積也較少，此次調(diào)查僅見于洋芋場白頭山-斑打花途中海拔3600米以上的地帶，與棕背川滇杜鵑和腺房杜鵑組成群落。長苞冷杉自然枯死或人為砍伐以后余下的植被即是以棕背川滇杜鵑和腺房杜鵑為優(yōu)勢(shì)的杜鵑灌木林。白頭山至斑打花一帶的高山杜鵑園就是由棕背川滇杜鵑和腺房杜鵑為主組成的大面積杜鵑群落。

　　George Fir Forest also has a less area in the Lashihai region, which only was seen on the way from Baitoushan to Bandahua Yangyuchang above 3600m. It constitutes the Fir-Rhododendron Communities with R. traillianum and R. adenogynum. When the George Fir get died, then the alpine Rhododendron Communities is left which consist of R. traillianum and R. adenogynum. The called “Alpine Rhododendron Garden” From Baitoushan to bandahua is composed of these two species.

　　大果紅杉林在拉市海流域內(nèi)見于洋芋場村寨后海拔3400-3600米范圍內(nèi)的西向坡面，面積較少。與杜鵑組成群落。其中有山育杜鵑、棕背川滇杜鵑等種。該地帶人為影響較少。

　　Larch Forest occurs on the west-faced slope behind of Yangyuchang between 3400-3600m in the Lashihai region, which consist of the Larch-Rhododendron Communities with R. oreotrephes, R. traillianum, etc. There is a less influence on the forest.

　　寒溫灌叢在拉市海流域內(nèi)分布于海拔3700米以上的高山灌叢地帶。主要以多種小葉型的杜鵑花屬種類構(gòu)成高山杜鵑群落。出現(xiàn)種類有紫藍(lán)杜鵑、纓草杜鵑、單色杜鵑、楔葉杜鵑、密枝杜鵑和棕背川滇杜鵑。其中紫藍(lán)杜鵑、楔葉杜鵑和密枝杜鵑在滇西北其它地方少見，可列為保護(hù)目標(biāo)。在寒溫灌叢植被帶，洋芋場的彝族百姓有一些放牧活動(dòng)，但目前對(duì)植被的破壞及改變程度不大。

　　Cold-Temperate shrubs distributes in alpine area above 3700m in the Lashihai region. It is composed of some Rhododendron species with small-leaves, e.g. R. russatum, R. primulaefolium, R. tarpetiforme, R. cuneatum, R. fastigiatum and R. traillianum, etc. R. russatum, R. cuneatum and R. fastigiatum are rare to be seen in other places in NW Yunnan, which could be considered as the conservation targets in the Lashihai region. Now the Yi people have their cows and horses grazing in the that area, but the cattle do not eat these plants.

　　

　　4. 拉市海流域杜鵑花屬植物已知種類的保護(hù)意見及建議

　　Recommendations for Conservation Targets of Rhododendron Species Known to Occur in the Lashihai Action Site

　　通過以上分析，我們對(duì)拉市海流域內(nèi)杜鵑花屬植物的保護(hù)提出如下兩點(diǎn)意見及建議：

　　1、     重點(diǎn)保護(hù)在拉市海流域內(nèi)數(shù)量稀少及特有程度較高的種類。推薦以下重點(diǎn)保護(hù)種類：卵葉杜鵑、假乳黃杜鵑、紫藍(lán)杜鵑、楔葉杜鵑和密枝杜鵑。

　　2、     重點(diǎn)保護(hù)這些珍稀特有杜鵑種類生長的并且易受人為活動(dòng)影響的植被類型。應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)保護(hù)的植被類型是：寒溫山地硬葉常綠櫟類林、溫涼性針闊葉混交林（溝谷及背陰山坡）。

　　Through the analysis above, we propose the following suggestions:

　　1.     First to protect those species which are rare and endemic to narrower regions. Some proposed species are as follows: R. callimorphum, R. fictolacteatum, R. russatum, R. cuneatum and R. fastigiatum.

　　2.     First to protect those vegegation types in which those rare and endemic Rhododendron species inhabit and which are easy to be destroyed by village people. They are 1 Cold-Temperate Mountain Hard-leaf Evergreen Oak Forest and 2 Temperate Needle and Broad Leaf Mixed Forest (valley or shaded slopes).

　　5.拉市海流域杜鵑花屬植物標(biāo)本數(shù)據(jù)庫（見Excel文件）

　　Specimen Data Base of Rhododendron in the Lashihai Action Site