項(xiàng)目名稱：“三重桌”納福胡同13號(hào)

　　項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：中國北京

　　項(xiàng)目類型：辦公室、工業(yè)廠房改造

　　建筑面積：500平方米

　　業(yè)主單位：北京冶金設(shè)備自動(dòng)化研究所

　　建筑設(shè)計(jì)：PMA設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

　　主持設(shè)計(jì)師：王川

　　設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：許怡然、劉澤宇、潘子其、劉怡雯、張曉宇、Marco Dambrogio、王余汀、陳雪琪

　　機(jī)電顧問：北京天恒凱銳起重機(jī)械有限公司

　　建造商：北京東賦天下裝飾有限公司

　　設(shè)計(jì)及施工周期：2014

　　攝影師：趙俊、瞿平山、陳佳婧

　　攝像：Andrea Cadioli

　　“三重桌”項(xiàng)目是PMA設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所為自己設(shè)計(jì)的新辦公室，位于北京東城區(qū)二環(huán)內(nèi)的納福胡同13號(hào)院北京冶金設(shè)備自動(dòng)化研究所。該項(xiàng)目地理位置優(yōu)越，附近有包括嵩祝寺及智珠寺兩寺合一的喇嘛廟、皇城根遺址公園、南鑼鼓巷、景山公園、玉河遺址在內(nèi)的多個(gè)文化遺址。此地在清代乾隆時(shí)稱內(nèi)府大街，民國初年京兆尹將“內(nèi)府”諧音為“納福”，取吉祥之意。建國后1956年公司合營，納福胡同13號(hào)院成立北京銅絲廠，后1978年成立北京冶金設(shè)備自動(dòng)化研究所。院內(nèi)整體建筑風(fēng)格為典型的紅磚墻廠房，包括主院北樓、南樓以及南院配樓，本項(xiàng)目所在場地位于主院北樓首層，占地500平方米，內(nèi)部空間開敞，擁有3.75米的層高和6米×6米的柱網(wǎng)，其現(xiàn)有框架結(jié)構(gòu)為后期改造提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)。新的辦公空間設(shè)計(jì)為PMA+Plasma及東西跨界設(shè)計(jì)研究中心共同使用。

　　The "Triple Layer Table" Project, a new office designed by PMA (PolyMorphArchitects) for themselves, is located in Beijing Institute of Metallurgical Equipment Automation, Nafu Hutong Courtyard No.13, 2nd Ring, Dongcheng District, Beijing. The project is well located with several cultural sites nearby, including the lamasery of Songzhu Temple and Zhizhu Temple, Huangchenggen Ruins Park, South Luogu Lane, Jingshan Park and Yuhe Relic Site. In the Qing Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it was called Neifu Street. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was renamed by Jing Zhao Yin as the homophonic "Nafu", a name implies auspicious meaning. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in 1956, Beijing Copper Wire Factory was established in Nafu Hutong Courtyard No.13, and in 1978, Beijing Institute of Metallurgical Equipment Automation was established here. The overall architectural style in this yard is of a typical red-brick factory building, including the north and south buildings in the main yard, and the subsidiary building in the south yard. The project is located on the first floor of the north building, covering an area of 500 square meters. The interior is spacious, with a height of 3.75 meters and a column grid of 6×6 meters. The existing frame structure provides a good foundation for the later renovation. The new office space is designed for use by PMA+Plasma studio and the West- East Crossboundry Design Research Center.

　　項(xiàng)目區(qū)位圖Project location map

　　改造前照片Before renovation
 

　　辦公室所在的院子The courtyard where the office is located

　　©瞿平山 Pingshan Qu

改造后的辦公室軸測圖Axonometric drawing of the office after renovation

　　讓靈感自由生長的辦公區(qū)域

　　An office space for inspiration to grow freely

　　開放辦公區(qū)的設(shè)計(jì)手法以保留本身工業(yè)建筑痕跡為主要目標(biāo)，減少過多色彩和裝飾。在當(dāng)前這個(gè)多信息時(shí)代，人們每天通過各種渠道主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)地接受了過剩性信息，相形之下，一個(gè)平靜和自由的空間可能會(huì)更好地給予設(shè)計(jì)師培育靈感的土壤。開放辦公區(qū)地面采用混凝土自流平，除了對(duì)現(xiàn)有結(jié)構(gòu)柱進(jìn)行簡單處理外不做冗余裝飾，刻意保留的屋頂原有斑駁紋理，自然彰顯出該建筑原有的工業(yè)屬性。兩個(gè)通高書架和整面軟木展示墻引導(dǎo)了人視線的焦點(diǎn)，置于過道盡端的開放工作臺(tái)為設(shè)計(jì)師自由討論與制作模型提供了空間。

　　The open office design mainly aims to preserve the traces of industrial architecture and avoid excessive colors and decorations. In this information overload age, people, actively or passively, receive excess information through various channels every day. A calm and free space may better give designers the soil to cultivate inspiration. The floor of open office area is recovered by self-leveling concrete. In addition to the simple treatment of existing structural columns, there is no unnecessary decoration. The original mottled texture of the roof is deliberately retained, which naturally highlights the original industrial attributes of the building. The full-height bookshelves and full-display cork walls guide the focus of sight, and the open workbench at the end of the corridor provides space for designers to discuss and make models freely.

開放的辦公區(qū)域Open office space

©趙俊 Jun Zhao

　　辦公室局部A corner of the office

　　©趙俊 Jun Zhao

辦公室的模型擺放區(qū)Model display area in the office

©陳佳婧 Jiajing Chen

　　讓人放松的開放式廚房及室外小院

　　Relaxing open kitchen and outdoor courtyard

　　廚房空間原來是銅絲廠的材料堆放室，夾在建筑北側(cè)外墻和僅僅兩米之隔的胡同之間，是一個(gè)附屬于主建筑之外的現(xiàn)狀加建。設(shè)計(jì)策略上保留了一半加建的部分，并將室內(nèi)隔墻局部性打開形成開放式廚房，另一半拆除后形成一個(gè)小型的室外院落。整個(gè)廚房區(qū)域在材料上使用耐候鋼板和清水混凝土，喚起人們對(duì)舊工業(yè)建筑的歷史印象。翻新的屋頂上增設(shè)有兩個(gè)大型天窗以補(bǔ)償北側(cè)采光不足，連通室內(nèi)和廚房的窗臺(tái)上也設(shè)置有鋼板，成為大家臨時(shí)小飲的吧臺(tái)。此外，放棄了常規(guī)的預(yù)制整體廚房，原創(chuàng)設(shè)計(jì)的多邊形洗手池在功能和造型之間找到了平衡。在去除屋頂后創(chuàng)造出來的小院地面鋪上了和建筑外表皮一樣的紅磚，并栽種了來自胡同修剪廢棄的梧桐樹枝，設(shè)計(jì)師在工作之余可以在這里休憩身心并感受到胡同里飄來的市井煙火與民生喧囂，宛如一個(gè)舊工業(yè)建筑和胡同間對(duì)話的連通器。

　　The kitchen space, originally a material storage room of the copper wire factory, sandwiched between the building's northern exterior wall and a lane just two meters apart, was an addition to the main building. Strategically, we retained half of the added part and partially opened the interior partition to form an open kitchen, while the other half was removed to form a small outdoor yard. The use of weatherproof steel plates and fair-faced concrete throughout the kitchen area evokes a historical impression of old industrial buildings. Two large skylights are added to the refurbished roof to compensate daylight on the north side. Steel plates are also installed on the windowsill connecting the interior and the kitchen, making it a temporary drinking bar. In addition, we gave up the conventional prefabricated integral kitchen, with the originally designed polygonal hand washing sinks balancing functionality with style. In the yard created after removing the roof, the ground is paved with red bricks like the facade of the building and planted with discarded phoenix tree branches from the hutong. Designers can rest here after work and feel the hustle and bustle of daily life in the alley. It is like a connector between the old industrial building and the hutong.

廚房空間Kitchen space

©趙俊 Jun Zhao

多邊形洗手池Polygonal hand washing sinks

©趙俊 Jun Zhao

室外小院一角A corner of the yard

©瞿平山 Pingshan Qu

　　極致可變的“三重桌”多功能空間

　　Extremely changeable "Triple Layer Table" multi-functional space

　　由于整個(gè)空間是設(shè)計(jì)給有著緊密聯(lián)系而又有著各自特定使用訴求的三個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)共同使用，因此如何在一個(gè)有限的空間內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)多重功能的復(fù)合性使用成為了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵性問題?；谶@個(gè)原初需求，“三重桌”多功能空間成為了整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的重心。首先利用兩片3米高的玻璃推拉隔斷將整個(gè)多功能空間和開放辦公區(qū)分開，同時(shí)在中間梁下設(shè)置了3扇通高的旋轉(zhuǎn)門，使得多功能區(qū)在必要的時(shí)候可以被隔離為兩個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的空間來使用。同時(shí)不再僅僅將設(shè)計(jì)討論停留在室內(nèi)層面，而是將事務(wù)所一直以來在景觀都市主義和復(fù)合城市中關(guān)于混合用地的思考引入其中，采用多變的空間來應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)代城市化進(jìn)程下的多功能需求，一系列不同的空間組合形態(tài)覆蓋映射了城市功能中的辦公、商業(yè)、居住這三個(gè)主要類型。

　　Since the whole space is designed for three closely related teams with their own specific use needs, it is critical to realize the composite use of multiple functions in a limited space. Based on this requirement, "Triple Layer Table" multi-functional space has become the core of the whole design. The multi-functional space is separated from the open office space by two 3-meter-high glass sliding partitions, and three full-height rotating doors are set under the middle beam, so that the multi-functional space can be separated into two relatively independent spaces when necessary. At the same time, we no longer just stay indoors in the design discussion, but bring in PMA's long-standing thinking on mixed land use in Landscape Urbanism and combinatory city, using changeable space to meet the multi-functional needs in the modern urbanization process. A series of different spatial combination forms map three major types of urban functions: office, business and residence.
 

“三重桌”拆解圖

Exploded axonometric drawing of the "Triple Layer Table"

　　“三重桌”的實(shí)體界面主要包括三個(gè)部分：玻璃材質(zhì)的核心桌面、外側(cè)木質(zhì)環(huán)狀大桌面、可沿軌道滑動(dòng)的桌腿，而這三個(gè)界面也構(gòu)成了三個(gè)主要使用場景：

　　玻璃材質(zhì)的核心桌面——辦公

　　中間的鋼化玻璃桌面主要承載了畫圖、小組討論、模型制作等核心的設(shè)計(jì)工作室日常，這一辦公性功能也是該空間最常用的使用形態(tài)。

　　外側(cè)木質(zhì)矩環(huán)形大桌面——商業(yè)

　　將兩側(cè)的矩環(huán)形桌面通過懸索調(diào)整到合適高度后，該空間可以為會(huì)議、評(píng)圖和講座等活動(dòng)提供適宜的空間。對(duì)于需要滿足更多人參加的大型活動(dòng)，則可以將會(huì)議室和多功能室之間的三面旋轉(zhuǎn)隔斷門打開，將兩個(gè)空間聯(lián)通起來進(jìn)行一體化使用。

　　可沿軌道滑動(dòng)的桌腿——休閑

　　桌腿被設(shè)計(jì)成帶有滾輪的長方體，其既是桌面的支撐構(gòu)件，亦可在桌面升起后作為展臺(tái)使用，并且在桌腿內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)有隱藏的儲(chǔ)藏空間，方便物品收納。在展覽和聚會(huì)時(shí)，升到半空的玻璃桌面則可以作為核心展臺(tái)或者酒水架使用。周末和下班后，配合輕質(zhì)球臺(tái)或球網(wǎng)還可以開展乒乓球、羽毛球、瑜伽等體育休閑活動(dòng)。

　　The "Triple Layer Table" mainly consists of 3 parts physically: the core table top made of glass, the large circular table top made of wood on the outside, and the table legs that can slide along the tracks, which also constitute the 3 main usage scenarios:

　　The core table top made of glass – Office
　　The tempered glass table top in the middle mainly carries the daily routine of the design studio such as drawing, group discussion and model making. The office function is also the most common usage of this space.

　　The large circular wood table top on the outside – Commerce
　　After adjusting the circular wood table top to an appropriate height through suspension cables, it can provide a suitable space for activities such as meetings, design reviews and seminars. For large events that require more people to participate in, the three-sided rotating partition doors between the conference room and the multi-function room can be opened to connect the two spaces.

　　Table legs that can slide along the tracks – Leisure
　　The legs are designed as cuboids with wheels, which are not only the supporting components of the table, but also can be used as a booth after the rise of the table top. They also have hidden storage spaces inside for easy storage. During exhibitions and parties, the glass table top raised in the air can be used as a core booth or wine rack. At weekends or after work, sports and leisure activities such as table tennis， badminton and yoga are available here with light tables or nets.

從辦公區(qū)看“三重桌”多功能空間

The "Triple Layer Table" multi-functional space seen from the office area

©趙俊 Jun Zhao

三面旋轉(zhuǎn)的墻體保證了空間聯(lián)通的可能性

The three rotating wall ensures the possibility of spatial connection

©趙俊 Jun Zhao

桌面升起可提供開敞空間，將會(huì)議室轉(zhuǎn)換為活動(dòng)室

The raised table tops provide a wide space that transforms the meeting room into an activity room

©趙俊 Jun Zhao

　　在“三重桌”的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)上，建筑師與工程師緊密合作。三重桌的整個(gè)機(jī)械裝置固定在一組井字形的鋼梁上，主鋼梁通過牛腿固定在建筑結(jié)構(gòu)梁上。兩個(gè)功率為1.2千瓦的電動(dòng)鋼絲提升機(jī)為裝置提供動(dòng)力，每部提升機(jī)對(duì)應(yīng)4個(gè)特殊位置的滑輪，精心設(shè)計(jì)的滑輪組可以獨(dú)立引導(dǎo)兩重桌面進(jìn)行升降。為最小化提升機(jī)拉繩帶來的視覺影響，在嘗試了多種材料后選擇了直徑僅為兩毫米的鍍鋅鋼絲繩作為牽引材料。此外，如何保持鋼絲的拉力也是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題。鋼絲繩具有強(qiáng)度高、韌性好、直徑小的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但因材料自身存在的內(nèi)部張力，在缺乏外部壓力的情況下極易彈出提升機(jī)滾輪。最終設(shè)計(jì)了一套利用彈簧和重錘的相互作用以持續(xù)保持鋼絲繩拉力的特殊裝置來解決這一問題，并將其和隱藏在桌面下的可拆卸裝置結(jié)合，使“三重桌”的機(jī)械裝置達(dá)到了可隨時(shí)拆卸的效果，并且最小化了對(duì)使用者的視覺影響。

　　Architects worked closely with engineers on the mechanical design of the “Triple Layer Table”. The entire mechanism of the Triple Layer Table is fixed on a set of #-shaped steel beams, with the main steel beams fixed to the building structure beams by corbels. The device is powered by 2 1.2 kw electric wire hoist, each corresponding to 4 special position pulleys, and a well-designed pulley block can independently guide the lifting of the 2 table tops. To minimize the visual impact brought by the hoist rope, after experimenting with a variety of materials, we chose a galvanized wire with a diameter of only 2mm. In addition, how to maintain the tension of the wire rope is a key issue. Wire rope has the advantages of high strength, good toughness and small diameter, but due to the internal tension of the material itself, it is easy to go out of the hoist block when lack of external pressure. Finally, we designed a special set of devices that utilize the interaction of spring and counter weight to maintain the tension of the wire rope continuously, and combined it with the detachable device hidden under the table top to make the mechanical device of the Triple Layer Table detachable at any time and minimize its visual impact on users.

　　“三重桌”裝置工程圖 "Triple Layer Table" installation engineering drawing

　　https://v.qq.com/x/page/s09388sbm01.html

　　“三重桌”使用視頻Video of "Triple Layer Table" use© Andrea Cadioli